Guide to Electric Bicycle Fault Codes and Repairs

Electric bicycles are built on the foundation of traditional bicycles or motorcycles, enhanced with an integrated electric control system. They typically consist of a frame, front and rear wheels, and key components such as motors, batteries, controllers, and gauges.

The operating principle is straightforward: the battery supplies power, while the controller adjusts the motor’s output based on signals from the gauge, allowing the vehicle to move forward smoothly.

To ensure safety, the controller is pre-programmed with a comprehensive fault protection system. When essential components—such as the throttle (handlebar twist-grip), gauge, speed sensor, or brakes—malfunction, the controller will immediately cut off motor output.

In practice, the gauge displays specific error codes to visually indicate different types of faults. Here’s what the most common codes mean and how to address them:

• E02 – Electronic Brake Fault

This code indicates a malfunction in the electronic braking system. In electric bicycles, electronic brakes serve as a critical safety component. When the rider applies the brake, the system first cuts motor power via an electrical signal. Then, mechanical braking (such as hydraulic or mechanical disc brakes) takes over to physically stop the wheels.

If the E02 error appears, it's likely that the electronic brake cable or sensor is damaged. In this case, the left and right brake cables should be promptly inspected and replaced to restore safe braking functionality.

• E06 – Battery Under-Voltage

This code signifies that the battery voltage has dropped below the safe threshold for operation. When this happens, the battery must be recharged immediately to avoid over-discharge, which could lead to irreversible damage.

Keeping the battery charged not only protects its lifespan but also ensures consistent performance during rides.

• E07 – Motor Fault

As the core component that powers the electric bicycle, the motor’s proper function is critical. An E07 fault may be caused by:

• A short or open circuit in the motor windings
• Loose or damaged wires connecting the motor to the controller

If this error occurs, a thorough inspection of the motor and its connections is required. Riding should be avoided until the issue is resolved, as continued use may result in total power loss.

• E08 – Controller Malfunction

The controller acts as the central command center, coordinating signals and energy flow between the battery, motor, and gauge. An E08 error may result from:

• Internal damage to the controller’s electronic components
• Wiring issues between the controller and other parts

In most cases, the best course of action is to replace the controller to restore stable operation of the electric system.

• E10 & E11 – Communication Errors Between Gauge and Controller

Both of these codes suggest a communication delay or failure between the gauge and the controller. Real-time interaction between these two components is essential for accurate monitoring and control.

To troubleshoot:

1. Start by replacing the gauge, as it's easier to access.
2. If the problem persists, check or replace the communication line between the gauge and controller.
3. If the issue remains, it’s likely that the controller’s communication module is faulty, and the controller should be replaced.

Final Thoughts

While troubleshooting electric bicycles may seem daunting at first, the process is usually straightforward when guided by fault codes. By understanding what each error code means and following a step-by-step repair approach, most issues can be resolved without much difficulty.

So, when your electric bicycle encounters a problem, don’t panic. With the right knowledge and a bit of patience, you can get back on the road in no time.

Keep Your E-Bike in Top Shape

Understanding fault codes is only one part of keeping your electric bike running smoothly. For long-term performance and safety, regular maintenance is just as important. If you're new to e-bikes or want to learn how to properly care for your ride, don’t miss our blog post: Welcome to the E-Bike Community! Important Tips for Your New E-Bike. It covers essential maintenance tips, from battery care to cleaning and storage.